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Henry VII (1275-1313) was the son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and he was raised in the French court. When he became Count of Luxembourg and Arion in 1288, he sought the protection of King Philip the Fair of France, becoming a French vassal rather than remain under the weak rule of the Holy Roman Empire.<br/><br/> Henry became involved in the political machinations after King Albert I's death in 1308, chosen as a compromise condidate by the electors who feared King Philip's, and consequently France's, attempts to get his brother elected as the next German King. He was crowned in 1309 after some skillful negotiation, and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement V in 1312, the title having been vacant since Emperor Frederick II's death in 1250. He renewed imperial interest in Italy, launching an Italian expedition in 1310 and being crowned King of Italy in 1311.<br/><br/> It was while waging his campaign to unite Italy under the Holy Roman Empire and fighting against King Robert of Naples in 1313 that Henry died, suddenly succumbing to malaria while besieging the Guelph (anti-Imperial Italians) city of Siena. The hopes for an effective Imperial presence in Italy died with him, ensuring that central power in Italian policy remained in Robert's hands.
Henry VII (1275-1313) was the son of Count Henry VI of Luxembourg, and he was raised in the French court. When he became Count of Luxembourg and Arion in 1288, he sought the protection of King Philip the Fair of France, becoming a French vassal rather than remain under the weak rule of the Holy Roman Empire.<br/><br/> Henry became involved in the political machinations after King Albert I's death in 1308, chosen as a compromise condidate by the electors who feared King Philip's, and consequently France's, attempts to get his brother elected as the next German King. He was crowned in 1309 after some skillful negotiation, and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement V in 1312, the title having been vacant since Emperor Frederick II's death in 1250. He renewed imperial interest in Italy, launching an Italian expedition in 1310 and being crowned King of Italy in 1311.<br/><br/> It was while waging his campaign to unite Italy under the Holy Roman Empire and fighting against King Robert of Naples in 1313 that Henry died, suddenly succumbing to malaria while besieging the Guelph (anti-Imperial Italians) city of Siena. The hopes for an effective Imperial presence in Italy died with him, ensuring that central power in Italian policy remained in Robert's hands.
Henry of Germany (1211-1242) was the only son of Emperor Frederick II with his first wife Constance of Aragon, and elder brother to future king Conrad IV. Henry was crowned King of Sicily in 1212, so that Frederick could pursue his claim to the crown of Germany, as an agreement between Frederick and Pope Innocent III had specified that Germany and Sicily should not be united under one ruler.<br/><br/> When the Pope died in 1216, Frederick reassumed the title of King of Sicily a year later and made Henry the Duke of Swabia instead. Henry was crowned as King of Germany in 1222, co-ruling with his father. He began to fall out with his father, his brash treatment against the imperial princes angering his father, who feared their discontent and was reliant on their support. Henry was outlawed by his father in 1234, resulting in him revolting, but he was brought to heel and forced to submit to his father in 1235. A trial saw him dethroned and stripped of his titles and holdings, with the crown and titles going to his younger brother Conrad.<br/><br/> Henry was imprisoned in various places for the last years of his life, finally dying in 1242 after falling from his horse while being moved to another location. Henry is numbered only in parentheses as he did not exercise sole kingship, and so as to not confuse him with the later Emperor Henry VII.
Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.<br/><br/> Henry won the throne when his forces defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. Henry cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. He founded the Tudor dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24 years, was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.
Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.<br/><br/> Henry won the throne when his forces defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. Henry cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses. He founded the Tudor dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24 years, was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.